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Daijō Tennō or Dajō Tennō (both accepted readings of 太上天皇) was the title for a Japanese Emperor (''Tennō'') who abdicated in favor of a successor. The term is often shortened to Jōkō (上皇). As defined in the Taihō Code, although retired, a ''Daijō Tennō'' could still exert power. The first such example of Daijō Tennō is the Empress Jitō in the 7th century. A retired emperor sometimes entered the Buddhist monastic community, becoming a cloistered emperor. This practice was rather common during the Heian period. The last Emperor to rule as a Jōkō was Emperor Kōkaku (1779–1817). The Emperor later created an incident called the "''Songo'' incident" (the "respectful title incident"). The emperor disputed with the Tokugawa Shogunate about his intention to give a title of Abdicated Emperor (''Daijō-tennō'') to his father, who was an Imperial Prince Sukehito.〔(...''Sakuramachiden Gyokozu'': information in caption text )〕 A total of 62 Japanese emperors abdicated. An incomplete list follows: ==Jitō== Prince Kusabake was named as crown prince to succeed Empress Jitō, but he died at a young age. Kusabake's son, Prince Karu, was then named as Jitō's successor. He eventually would become known as Emperor Mommu.〔Varley, H. Paul . (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', p. 137.〕 In 697, Jitō abdicated in Mommu's favor; as a retired sovereign, she took the post-reign title ''daijō-tennō.'' After this, her imperial successors who retired took the same title after abdication.〔Varley, p. 137.〕 Jitō continued to hold power as a cloistered ruler, which became a persistent trend in Japanese politics. She died four years later at the age of 58.〔Varley, p. 137; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', p. 270.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daijō Tennō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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